Secure Sockets Layer (SSL) is a cryptographic protocol historically used to provide confidentiality, integrity and authentication for networked communications. It establishes encrypted channels between clients and servers and defines handshakes, certificates and cipher negotiation. Modern deployments use TLS, the successor standard, while SSL itself is depre…
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Secure Sockets Layer (SSL) is a historic protocol for protected communication; today’s web uses its successor, Transport Layer Security (TLS).
SSL was developed by Netscape in the 1990s for secure network communication. The IETF standardized TLS as its successor; TLS 1.3 is specified by RFC 8446 from 2018. SSL 2.0 and 3.0 are obsolete and insecure.
During the TLS handshake, a certificate typically authenticates the server and cryptographic keys are negotiated. Symmetric encryption then protects the connection from eavesdropping and tampering; a certificate alone does not establish that a website is trustworthy.
The initial protocol phase that negotiates parameters and session keys.
Binds a public key to an identity validated by a certificate authority.
A current TLS version with modern cryptography and a reduced handshake.
The term SSL still appears in certificates, configuration, and everyday language. New systems need correctly configured TLS, validated certificate chains, and disabled obsolete protocols.
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