Critical Systems Heuristics (CSH) is a normative method for analysing and reflecting on boundaries, assumptions and power relations in socio-technical systems. It helps stakeholders make implicit value frameworks explicit and critically assess decision criteria. CSH is practical and supports strategic governance and design discussions.
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Critical Systems Heuristics is a reflective approach that makes value assumptions, power relations, and system boundaries visible.
Werner Ulrich developed Critical Systems Heuristics in critical systems practice and published the approach in 1983. CSH examines which value assumptions, affected parties, and boundary judgments shape a system design.
For each design, ask who decides, who is affected, which resources count, and which perspectives are missing at the system boundary.
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CSH extends systems analysis with power, values, and excluded voices. Heuristic reflection provides orientation, but no automatic decision or complete participation.
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