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The Waterfall model is a sequential planning and development approach that executes phases such as requirements analysis, design, implementation, testing and maintenance in strict order. It emphasizes documentation, fixed milestones and clear handovers. Suitable for stable requirements, but inflexible and costly to change when faults surface late.
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What organizes, connects, or makes decisions possible.
The waterfall model organizes software development as a sequence of phases, with each result serving as the basis for the next phase.
The waterfall model emerged by applying sequential development logic from engineering and manufacturing to software projects. A widely cited 1970 paper by Winston W. Royce shaped the familiar depiction; practice subsequently extended the model with feedback and verification.
Clarify requirements, design the solution, implement it, and verify it in successive stages. Each phase produces a checkable result for the next step.
Work steps are organized in a defined order.
The result of one phase becomes the input to the following phase.
The model fits initiatives with stable requirements and predictable handoffs.
The waterfall model makes planning states, responsibility handoffs, and checkpoints visible in substantial initiatives.
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