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SOAP (Simple Object Access Protocol) is an XML-based protocol for exchanging structured information between web services. It defines message formats, transport bindings and fault handling and emphasizes interoperability and formal contract definitions (WSDL). It is common in regulated or legacy environments requiring strict typing and WS-* standards.
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SOAP is a standardized messaging protocol for structured exchange of XML messages between distributed applications.
SOAP emerged from standardizing remote calls across heterogeneous networks and was described by the W3C as independent of any single transport protocol.
A SOAP message has an envelope with a header and body; the header carries optional control information, while the body carries the application message or fault. A contract such as WSDL can define operations and data types. SOAP defines the message model, not transport, authentication, or encryption by itself. HTTP is common but not required. This clearly distinguishes SOAP from REST as an architectural style and SMTP as a mail transport protocol.
Envelope, header, and body structure requests, responses, and faults.
Formal descriptions can define operations, data types, and message rules.
SOAP defines messages; transport and security mechanisms are selected separately.
SOAP helps assess durable integration interfaces and their formal contracts. Schema compatibility, fault handling, and security profiles are central operational concerns.
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