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A black-box test design technique that reduces test cases by grouping inputs into equivalent classes.
Equivalence partitioning is a test design technique that divides input domains into equivalent classes to reduce the number of test cases while maintaining coverage. Selecting representative values from each class minimizes redundancy and effort. It supports efficient functional and black‑box testing but requires careful class definition for complex inputs.
Counts defined classes per input, indicates granularity of test coverage.
Average representative test cases per class to measure efficiency.
Number of detected defects per class to evaluate class definitions.
Partitioning into valid, invalid and empty classes with one representative test value each.
Equivalence classes <18, =18 and >18 to cover allowed and blocked cases.
Classification into negative, zero, valid ranges and very high values to detect faults.
Identify requirements and input fields.
Derive equivalence classes for each input field.
Select representative values and develop tests.
Additionally perform boundary value analysis.
Execute tests, evaluate results and adjust classes.