Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) is a core transport-layer protocol that provides reliable, ordered, and error-checked delivery of a byte stream between applications. It implements flow control, congestion control and retransmission to ensure data integrity over unreliable networks. TCP is fundamental for many internet services and influences system archi…
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TCP is a connection-oriented transport protocol that transfers data reliably, in order, as a byte stream between applications.
TCP emerged in the 1970s from Vint Cerf and Bob Kahn’s ARPANET research and was standardized in RFC 793 in 1981. The approach aimed to connect different networks through a common, robust transport method.
Endpoints establish a connection before exchanging data. Sequence numbers, acknowledgements, and retransmissions preserve order and completeness; flow and congestion control adapt the sending rate.
Endpoints establish state before exchanging data.
Acknowledgements and retries protect delivery.
Flow and congestion controls limit the sending rate.
TCP underpins applications that need complete, ordered data, including HTTP and database connections.
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