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Verification and Validation (V&V) is a structured assessment process ensuring a system meets its specifications (verification) and fulfils stakeholder needs (validation). The method combines inspection activities, test plans and acceptance criteria to systematically uncover defects, assumptions and requirement gaps and to document their resolution.
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Verification checks whether a system correctly implements specified requirements; validation checks whether it meets the real need and intended use.
The distinction took shape in systems and software engineering; IEEE Standard 1012 formalized verification and validation processes, while NASA applies them in systems engineering.
Derive checks from requirements and risks, verify artifacts and implementation against specifications, and validate the result with users, stakeholders, and the operating environment.
Checking whether specified requirements and specifications are correctly met.
Checking whether the result fits its intended purpose and actual need.
Documented basis that makes a verification or validation decision traceable.
The two perspectives prevent both incorrect implementation and a correctly built result that is unfit for purpose.
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