Transactions are atomic units that ensure consistency of state changes in databases and distributed systems. They provide ACID properties—Atomicity, Consistency, Isolation, Durability—or alternative approaches (sagas, idempotent operations) for distributed contexts. Implementation requires coordinated error handling and suitable isolation choices.
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A transaction groups related state changes into one unit that either succeeds as a whole or is rolled back.
The concept emerged in database research to preserve consistent state changes despite failures and concurrent access.
Atomicity, consistency, isolation, and durability define behaviour during partial failures and parallel access.
Changes are committed together or discarded.
Concurrent transactions follow defined rules.
Failures restore the previous state.
For database and service writes, the concept clarifies the required consistency guarantee.
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