Health Checks are procedures for verifying and ensuring the functionality of software. They help identify potential issues early on and guarantee system stability.
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Health checks are automated tests indicating whether a service is alive, ready, or still starting.
They grew from the need to monitor and orchestrate distributed services using observable states. Modern platforms distinguish liveness, readiness, and startup probes; no single originator can be assigned.
A process may run while unable to serve requests. A liveness check detects a stuck process, readiness controls traffic, and startup gives slow initialization time. Checks should be lightweight and avoid dependency chains that turn one failure into a cascade.
It indicates whether a process is still running; failure may trigger a restart.
It indicates whether an instance can currently receive traffic.
It protects slow initialization from premature liveness failures.
Health checks connect application behavior to operations. Well-designed checks improve availability and rollouts; poorly chosen dependencies can cause restart storms or route traffic to broken instances.
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