A local failure propagates through dependencies and shared resource pools.
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A cascading failure is a disruption that spreads from one component to other parts of a system through positive feedback.
Google SRE describes cascading failures as a recurring reliability problem in distributed services. The treatment grew from experience with overload, failing replicas, and retries that add load to remaining components.
When one instance fails, others take on more work and become unstable in turn. Backoff, retry budgets, load shedding, isolation, and degraded modes interrupt this domino chain.
A failure raises the load or failure probability of other components.
Unbounded retries can amplify overload.
Separated capacity limits fault propagation.
The pattern shows why local faults become total outages and which barriers create resilience.
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