Backend
The backend includes all server-side components of an application responsible for data processing, business logic, and database interactions.
- Knowledge domains
- /Thematic areas
- /Segments
- /Building blocks
Data & State
This segment covers all aspects of data storage and state management within a backend. It includes data models, persistence mechanisms, consistency requirements, and the handling of state changes over time. It describes how data is stored, read, and modified, as well as which concepts are used to ensure integrity and traceability. Concerns related to business logic, external interfaces, or system integration are intentionally excluded and addressed in other segments.
CAP Theorem
The CAP theorem describes the fundamental limitations of distributed databases regarding consistency, availability, and partition tolerance.
Caching
Strategy for temporarily storing frequently accessed data to reduce latency and load. Includes forms such as in-memory, HTTP, and CDN caches plus rules for consistency, invalidation, and capacity management.
Data Replication
Mechanisms and patterns for copying and synchronizing data across storage systems to improve availability, scalability, and fault tolerance.
Database Index
Data structures that accelerate queries by providing fast lookup paths into tables, optimizing read access.
Eventual Consistency
Eventual Consistency is a consistency model that ensures that all copies of a database will eventually converge, without requiring immediate consistency at all times.
HTTP Caching
HTTP caching describes mechanisms and rules for storing HTTP responses to reduce latency, bandwidth usage, and backend load.
NoSQL Database
Non-relational database systems with flexible schemas, designed for horizontal scalability and varied consistency models.
Sharding
Horizontal partitioning of data across multiple nodes to enable scaling and load distribution.
Transaction
A fundamental concept for conducting transactions across various systems.
MongoDB
A NoSQL database that allows for schema-less data storage.
MySQL
MySQL is a widely used open-source database known for its reliability and high performance.
Oracle Database
Oracle is a comprehensive database solution designed for enterprises.
PostgreSQL
PostgreSQL is a powerful, open-source object-relational database management system.
Redis
Redis is an in-memory data structure store that functions as a database, cache, and message broker.
SQLite
SQLite is an embedded, serverless SQL database engine implemented as a single library, suitable for local persistence in applications.