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Time-ordered records of events and state changes used for debugging, monitoring, and forensic analysis.
Logs are time-ordered records of events, states, and messages from applications, systems, and infrastructure. They support debugging, performance analysis, security monitoring, and forensic investigation by providing contextual, machine-readable event data. Effective logging requires structured formats, centralized collection, retention policies, efficient indexing, and access controls.
Number of incoming log entries per time unit; relevant for scaling decisions.
Time between log arrival and its availability for search and analysis.
Monetary cost for storing logs per gigabyte and time period.
Application logs are shipped via Beats/Logstash into Elasticsearch and visualized with Kibana.
OpenTelemetry instrumentation produces structured logs collected via a Promtail/Loki pipeline.
Network devices send syslog events to a central syslog instance for analysis and retention.
Identify sources and define consistent log formats.
Set up centralized collection using forwarders or agents.
Configure indexing, retention and access controls.
Implement and test dashboards, search and alerting rules.