C4 Model
The C4 Model is a structured framework for visualizing and documenting software architectures.
Classification
- ComplexityMedium
- Impact areaTechnical
- Decision typeDesign
- Organizational maturityIntermediate
Technical context
Principles & goals
Use cases & scenarios
Compromises
- Misunderstandings due to inaccurate diagrams.
- Over-reliance on diagrams.
- Difficulties in integrating into existing processes.
- Regular updates of the diagrams.
- Involvement of all relevant stakeholders.
- Use of standard templates for diagrams.
I/O & resources
- Project Goals
- Technical Requirements
- Stakeholder Feedback
- Architecture Diagrams
- Documentation
- Implementation Plans
Description
The C4 Model provides a clear and consistent method for representing software architectures at different levels of abstraction. It includes four main views: context diagram, container diagram, component diagram, and class diagram. These views help to understand and communicate the structure and interactions within a system.
✔Benefits
- Improved Understandability of the Architecture
- Facilitated Communication Among Stakeholders
- Structured Documentation
✖Limitations
- May oversimplify complex systems.
- Requires regular updates.
- Not suitable for all types of projects.
Trade-offs
Metrics
- Number of Diagrams
The number of architecture diagrams created.
- Stakeholder Satisfaction
Degree of stakeholder satisfaction with the documentation.
- Implementation Time
The time required to implement the architecture.
Examples & implementations
E-Commerce Platform
A C4 Model was used to document the architecture of an e-commerce platform, including various containers such as web application, API, and database.
Banking System
The C4 Model assisted in planning and visualizing the architecture of a complex banking system that includes multiple services and databases.
Mobile App Development
During the development of a mobile app, the C4 Model was used to clarify the interactions between various components.
Implementation steps
Define requirements and goals.
Apply the C4 Model to visualize the architecture.
Involve stakeholders and gather feedback.
⚠️ Technical debt & bottlenecks
Technical debt
- Outdated diagrams that have not been updated.
- Lack of documentation leading to confusion.
- Insufficient training for using the model.
Known bottlenecks
Misuse examples
- Using the model without adapting it to specific needs.
- Ignoring feedback from stakeholders.
- Over-reliance on diagrams instead of communication.
Typical traps
- Assuming that diagrams answer all questions.
- Believing that the model is universally applicable.
- Underestimating the effort required to maintain documentation.
Required skills
Architectural drivers
Constraints
- • Compliance with Company Policies
- • Technological Constraints
- • Resource Availability